E - by author, year, title (anonymous entries listed by title)

Ebel, Else. Die Vínlandsagas. Ausgewählte Texte zur Entdeckung Amerikas. Mit Anmerkungen und Glossar. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1973.

Ebel, Else. Fiktion und Realität in den Vínlandsagas. Festschrift für Heinrich Beck. Ed. Heiko Uecker. Berlin & New York, 1994. 89-100. Cited in Barnes (2001)

Edgerton, J. Sculptor argues for the rune stone. John Daniels says carving evidence favors authenticity of controversial Kensington stone. Minneapolis Star (1 July 1955): 10. Cited in Blegen (1968) kensington

Eeden, W. van. Vínland-Studiën I. De zgn. Eiríks saga rauda. Tijdschrift voor nederlandsche taal- en letterkunde 41 (1922): 49-94. Cited in Hermannsson (1954), Bergersen, Wahlgren (1969)

Eeden, W. van. Vínland-Studiën II. De zgn. Grænlendingaþáttr. Tijdschrift voor nederlandsche taal- en letterkunde 41 (1922): 287-301. Cited in Bergersen, Wahlgren (1969)

Eeden, W. van. Vínland-Studiën III. De zgn. Saga en þáttr. Tijdschrift voor nederlandsche taal- en letterkunde 46 (1927): 65-80. Cited in Hermannsson (1954), Bergersen, Wahlgren (1969)

Egilsson, Ólafur. Columbus in Iceland--did knowledge of Leifur Eiríksson's journey guide Columbus to the New World? Iceland Review 3 (1991): 34-35.

Einar Ól Sveinsson & Matthías Þórðarson (eds.). Eyrbyggja saga, Brands Þáttr örva, Eiríks saga rauða. Series: Íslenzk Fornrit. Vol. 4. Reykjavík: Hið Íslenzka Fornritafélag, 1935. 326 pages. (SDS / SDS) esaga gsaga

Einarsson, Stefán. The Freydís incident in Eiríks saga rauða, ch. 11. Acta Philologica Scandinavia 13 (1939): 246-256. [I]s owing to the author's desire for powerful effect. For that purpose he may have seized upon a version of an ancient magic behaviour, whose significance he did not know, and whose nearest parallels are found in Irish literature: Táin Bó Cúlange. Cf. Lodewyckx (1955). [Bergersen] Cited in Wahlgren (1969), Bergersen

Einarsson, Stefan. Review of The Kensington Stone, by Holand [book review]. Speculum July 1933: 400-408. A Johns Hopkins philologist accepts that Holand has produced some linguistic material not easy to refute in support of the inscription. Believes that scholars should reconsider their previous rejection of it. [Sorenson]
[I]s impressed by the sworn statements, but in doubt about the runes. Says linguists and runologists would do well to take the matter under renewed consideration before rendering their final verdict. [Bergersen] Cited in Bergersen, Sorenson
book review kensington

Eiríks saga Rauða. Series: S. Kristjánssonar. Reykjavík, 1926. 34 pages. Includes index. Eiríks Þáttr Rauða Grœnlendingaþáttr esaga gtale Benedikt Sveinsson, 1877-

Elliot, Charles W. The New England History, from the discovery of the continent by the Northmen, A.D. 986. 2 vols. New York, 1857. Cited in Barnes (2001)

Elliot, O. C. The case of the Beardmore relics: a survey of the evidence. Canadian Historical Review 22 (1941): 254-271. The journal editor's note introducing this material offers it as a survey of "the essential evidence" about the source of this controversial set of Viking weapons and of "the chief questions raised by them." Elliott's survey takes up pages 254-271. C. T. Currelly then makes "Further Comments Regarding the Beardmore Find." Elliott ends with a response ("Further Comments Regarding the Beardmore Find," Part II, pages 271-275). The two agree to disagree about possible significance regarding Viking visitors. [Sorenson] Cited in Enterline (1972), Sorenson

Elphinstone, Margaret. The Sea Road. London: Canongate, 2000. 256 pages.

Elphinstone, Margaret. Der Weg Nach Vinland. Berlin: Ullstein, 2001. 304 pages.

Enander, Joh. A. De forenede Staters historie. La Crosse, WI: Fæderlandet og Emigrantens, 1874. 150 pages.

Enander, Joh. A. Förenta Staternas historia utarbetad för den svenska befolkningen i Amerika. Chicago: Enander & Bohman, 1874. 192 pages.

Enander, Joh. A. Nordmännen i Amerika, eller, Amerikas upptäckt : historisk afhandling med anledning af Columbifesterna i Chicago 1892-1893. Rock Island, IL: Lutheran Augusta Book Concern, 1893. 66 pages. Cited in Blegen (1968). Enander, Johan Alfred, 1842-1910

Enlart, C. Le problème de la vieille tour de Newport (Rhode-Island). Revue de l'art chrétien 60/53e année (1910): 309-320.

Enterline, James Robert. Viking America: The Norse Crossings and Their Legacy. 1972.

Enterline, James Robert. Erikson, Eskimos & Columbus : Medieval European Knowledge of America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. xx, 342 pages. ISBN: 080186660x. Published in cooperation with the Center for American Places, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Harrisburg, Virginia. Continues and refines Enterline's arguments begun in Viking America. (SDS / SDS)

Epstein, Jeremiah F. Pre-Columbian old world coins in America—examination of the evidence. Current Anthropology 21 (1980): 1-20. Examines in considerable detail some 40 reports of Old World coins found in America, concluding that in no case does the evidence allow assurance that they were pre-Columbian. In many cases the evidence is indeterminate, since none were found under controlled archaeological conditions. He interprets the material as practically eliminating a pre-Columbian diffusionist position. In comments, conventional archaeologists welcome the paper as exorcising an old ghost, while others insist that the story has not been fully told yet. [Sorenson] Cited in Sorenson

Erichsen-Brown, Charlotte. Use of Plants for the Past 500 Years. Aurora, Ontario: Breezy Creeks, 1979. Leif Eriksson's 995-996 voyage to Newfoundland and the existence of several Viking camps there from 1004-1007 is now established. The small wooden statue found under the floor of a Thule house, the figure dressed in a 13th century Scandinavian long-hooded cassock with a cross incised on his breast, attests to the continuing presence of the Norsemen there. Given the long occupation—almost 400 years—of the Vikings and Norsemen in the north and the trade routes from there to the south, ideas, and the valuable cult objects and medicinal practices of the Norsemen could have influenced some of the Indian nations to the south. Also, Basque whalers probably stayed ashore on Newfoundland part of the time in the 15th century. [Sorenson] Cited in Sorenson

Erikson, Lief. The Norsemen and the Early Discovery of America. [S.l.: s.n.], 1945. 35 pages. Cover title. Page 35 is 3rd page of cover. Erikson, Lief; Oleson, John Yon, 1878- [Author ??? Move Either to L or O ???]

Erlendsson, Hauk. Norse Explorers. A Book of Famous Explorers. Ed. Edwin Erle Sparks. Chicago: Auxiliary Educational League, 1938. 47-57. tp verso "Copyright MCMI, MCMII, MCMX". Reprinted 1952

Ertel, Manfred, Johannes Saltzwedel, and Matthias Schulz. Menschenjagd im Drachenboot. Der Spiegel 32 (7 August 2000): 184-198. Includes side-bar articles: "Met und Party mid Odin: Wie schon das Hitler-Regime bedient sich auch die Neonazi-Szene am Mythenfundus der Wikinger. Die Nordmänner sind Kult in der braunen Szene" (p. 190-91); Barbara Supp, "Aquavit aus Schafshörnern: Auf den Färöer-Inseln haven sich viele Wikinger-Sitten authentisch erhalten" (p. 194-95); "'Im Packeis gefangen': Kapitän Gunnar Marel Eggertsson über seine geglückte Atlantik-überquerung und das Leben an Bord eines Wikingerschiffs" (p. 197). (SDS / SDS)

Estancelin, Louis. Recherches sur les voyages et découvertes des navigateurs normands en Afrique, dans les Indes Orientales et en Amérique. Paris: Delaunay, 1832. Pages 332-361: Lengthy discussion of the claim that Cousin of Dieppe reached America before Columbus, but the author doubts it. [Sorenson] Cited in Sorenson

Ett märkligt fornfynd i Minnesota. Svenska Amerikanska Posten (Minneapolis) (28 February 1899): 6. Cited in Blegen (1968) kensington

Everett, A. H. Review of Washington Irving, A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus, 3 vols (New York & London, 1828). North American Review 28 (1829): 103-134. Cited in Barnes (2001). passing? relevant? Everett, Alexander Hill, 1790-1847

Everett, A. H. The discovery of America by the Northmen. United States Magazine and Democratic Review 2/5 & 6 (1838): 85-96, 143-158. Everett, Alexander Hill, 1790-1847. Contributors: Rafn, Carl Christian, 1795-1864. Antiquitates Americanæ. (Based on C. C. Rafn's Antiquitates Americanæ.) Cited in Barnes (2001)

Everett, Edward. The discovery of America by the Northmen. North American Review 46 (1838): 161-203. Review of C. C. Rafn's Antiquitates Americanæ. Cited in Barnes (2001), Bergersen. Rafn, Carl Christian, 1795-1864. Antiquitates Americanæ book review

Everett, Edward. The discovery of America by the Northmen, before Columbus. Foreign Quarterly Review 21 (1838): 89-118. Review of C. C. Rafn's Antiquitates Americanæ. Cited in Bergersen. Rafn, Carl Christian, 1795-1864. Antiquitates Americanæ book review

Everett, Edward. The discovery of America by the Northmen, before Columbus. New York Monthly Magazine/The Knickerbocker 11/3 (1838): 288-289. Review of C. C. Rafn's Antiquitates Americanæ. Cited in Bergersen. Rafn, Carl Christian, 1795-1864. Antiquitates Americanæ book review

Evgen'ev, V. Kensingtonskaia nadpis': byl' ili legenda? [The Kensington Inscription: Truth or Fiction?]. Voprosy istorii [Problems of History] 41/9 (1966): 215-218. The inscription is discussed and considered probably authentic. [Sorenson] Cited in Sorenson, Bergersen kensington

Evjen, John O. Er vi færdige med Kensington-stenen? Reform (Eau Claire, WI) (18, 25 August, 1 September 1927): p. 2 (all). Cited in Blegen (1968) kensington

Exercises at the Town Hall in Watertown, Thursday, Nov. 21, on the occasion of completing the tower at the junction of Stony Brook with the Charles. [Boston?]: s.n., 19--. 4

Extracts from the sagas describing the voyages to Vinland, 1906.